Trevira is a brand of polyester fibre known for its permanent flame-retardant properties. Unlike fabrics treated with surface-applied flame retardants, Trevira’s flame-retardant properties are embedded in the fibre’s molecular structure, making them resistant to wear, washing, or ageing. Trevira fibres are made by modifying polyethene terephthalate (PET) during polymerization. Flame-retardant compounds are chemically integrated into the polymer chain, ensuring their permanence and resistance to external influences. When exposed to flames, Trevira fibres melt quickly and withdraw from the fire without igniting, though this process releases a small amount of toxic smoke.
Developed in Germany, Trevira fibres gained an essential role in the mid-20th century for their innovation in creating permanently flame-retardant materials.
Textile producers use Trevira flame-retardant fibres and yarns as raw materials to manufacture their flame-retardant textiles. They purchase Trevira’s fibres, such as Trevira CS(Comfort and Safety) or Trevira Bioactive(antimicrobial properties), to manufacture their knitted or woven fabrics according to the desired application. Textile manufacturers may dye, print, or finish the fabrics to meet aesthetic or functional requirements without compromising the inherent flame-retardant properties.
To obtain the Trevira CS trademark label, textile producers must have their final products tested and certified to ensure compliance with Trevira’s stringent fire safety standards. This certification process verifies that the flame-retardant properties remain intact and meet regulatory requirements.
Trevira CS fibres are used in interior textiles, such as curtains and furniture fabrics, public transport interiors, and protective textiles.
Trevira Bioactive fibres are used for clothes such as workwear, uniforms, sportswear, and underwear. They combine flame resistance with antimicrobial properties. During production, silver-based antimicrobial agents are incorporated into the fibre, offering long-lasting protection against bacteria and odour. They are used by medical staff to minimize bacterial growth and ensure hygiene in hospitals and clinics. They are also used for athletic clothing to prevent odour caused by bacterial growth, especially in high-moisture environments.
Challenges & Environmental Impact
Trevira fibres, like other polyester-based textiles, pose challenges because they originates from petroleum-based polymers. The extraction and processing of petroleum contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and resource depletion.
The company behind Trevira has integrated recycled PET into fibre production and promotes longer-lasting textiles and waste reduction. However, the fundamental challenges of fossil fuel dependence, microplastic pollution, and non-biodegradability remain significant.
The silver-based antimicrobial agents in Trevira Bioactive can leach out during washing. Silver particles, particularly nanoparticle form, may accumulate in water systems and have toxic effects on aquatic organisms.
The added chemicals make the embedded flame-retardant or antimicrobial properties challenging to recycle.
Sources
Willey Online Library – Investigation on the Flammability and Washing Durability 
Sew What – Avora, Trevira, and just plain old polyester
Eurekamag – Behaviors of fabrics and blends from Trevira CS
December 2024, RETHINK
